自 2026 年 2 月 28 日美国与以色列对伊朗发动首轮打击以来，海湾地区已有超过 1,100 艘船舶的 GPS 或 AIS 通讯受干扰。荷姆兹海峡（Strait of Hormuz）的航运流量几乎停摆，区域内至少 3 艘油轮已在冲突中受损。这些数据显示，电子干扰与实体攻击正在同步升高航运风险。

Windward 的分析指出，伊朗、阿联、卡达与阿曼水域的电子干扰自 2 月 28 日后呈升级趋势，且目前以干扰压制（jamming）为主而非欺骗（spoofing）。该公司在近几日辨识出约 21 个新的 AIS 干扰群集，并观察到船舶定位被错置到机场、Barakah Nuclear Power Plant 与伊朗陆地。另有数百艘船在阿联、卡达与阿曼外海呈现类圆形轨迹，反映导航与合规风险同时扩大。

此波事件延续近年战区 GNSS 攻击上升趋势，并显示海上风险目前高于航空。JMIC 于 2026 年 3 月 1 日将区域态势评估为 critical，且判定对船舶的实体与电子攻击几乎必然发生；同时记录到定位偏移、AIS 异常与间歇性讯号劣化。Jeremy Bennington 提到中东至少新增 6 种航空 spoofing 特征，虽曾影响数百架次航班，但因取消航班而于周末明显下降；Ami Daniel 则指出攻击半径越大，干扰越强，事故机率越高。

Since the first US-Israeli strikes on Iran on February 28, 2026, more than 1,100 ships across the Gulf have had GPS or AIS communications disrupted. Shipping traffic through the Strait of Hormuz has nearly stalled, and at least 3 tankers in the region have already been damaged in the conflict. These figures show that electronic interference and physical attacks are jointly increasing maritime risk.

Windward’s analysis shows escalating electronic interference in Iranian, UAE, Qatari, and Omani waters after February 28, with activity so far dominated by jamming rather than spoofing. The firm identified about 21 new AIS-jamming clusters in recent days and observed false vessel positions at airports, the Barakah Nuclear Power Plant, and inland Iranian locations. Hundreds of additional vessels displayed circle-like tracks off UAE, Qatari, and Omani waters, indicating simultaneous navigation and compliance risk expansion.

This episode extends the multi-year rise in wartime GNSS attacks and indicates that maritime exposure is currently higher than aviation exposure. On March 1, 2026, JMIC assessed the regional situation as critical and said physical and electronic attacks on ships are almost certain, while documenting positional offsets, AIS anomalies, and intermittent signal degradation. Jeremy Bennington reported at least 6 new aviation spoofing signatures in the Middle East, with hundreds of flights affected before cancellations reduced impacts over the weekend; Ami Daniel added that a larger attack radius produces stronger jamming and therefore higher incident probability.