Webb 观测到 Abell2744-QSO1 这个微小星系中心的黑洞，距今约 130 亿年以上的光程，且该星系只是在宇宙大爆炸后 7 亿年就已存在。研究指出，这个黑洞质量约为 5,000 万个太阳质量，可能先于宿主星系形成，甚至可能诞生于大爆炸后的第一秒，意味著它从一开始就已经非常巨大。

团队利用 James Webb Space Telescope 的 NIRSpec IFU 同时追踪环绕黑洞的气体速度与成分，发现氢气呈现 Keplerian 运动，表示质量几乎集中在中心黑洞而非大量恒星之中。直接量得的黑洞质量约占 QSO1 总质量的 2/3，这比附近星系中超大质量黑洞所占的比例高出数千倍，显示其宿主星系极其微弱。

化学成分图也显示，QSO1 几乎只有氢与氦，重元素极少；其金属量低于太阳的 0.5%，是已知最原始的星系环境之一。Roberto Maiolino 与 Francesco D’Eugenio 指出，这是第一个在大爆炸后 10 亿年内的黑洞直接质量测量，结果支持早期宇宙中的其他间接质量估计并未明显高估，也为原初黑洞或直接塌缩黑洞提供了强证据。

Webb has observed the black hole at the center of the tiny galaxy Abell2744-QSO1, whose light has traveled for more than 13 billion years and which already existed only 700 million years after the Big Bang. The study indicates that the black hole has a mass of about 50 million solar masses and may have formed before its host galaxy, possibly within the first second after the Big Bang, meaning it was enormous from the start.

Using the James Webb Space Telescope NIRSpec IFU, the team traced both the velocity and composition of the gas around the black hole and found Keplerian motion in the hydrogen, showing that most of the mass is concentrated in the central black hole rather than in stars. The directly measured black hole accounts for roughly two-thirds of QSO1’s total mass, a fraction thousands of times larger than in nearby galaxies, where supermassive black holes make up only a tiny share.

The composition maps show that QSO1 is almost entirely hydrogen and helium, with very little heavier material; its metallicity is less than 0.5% of the Sun, making it one of the most pristine galactic environments measured. Roberto Maiolino and Francesco D’Eugenio say this is the first direct black hole mass measurement within the first billion years after the Big Bang, supporting the reliability of earlier indirect estimates and strengthening evidence for primordial or direct-collapse black holes.