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电影《大卖空》主角原型麦克·贝瑞(Michael Burry)做空了美光科技(Micron Technology),他认为记忆体晶片产业具有极高的周期性,容易陷入剧烈的繁荣与萧条循环。尽管晶片制造商试图透过长期合约来稳定获利能见度,但市场情绪的波动仍导致相关股价在创下亮眼财报后出现大跌,显示出投资人对其估值与未来需求仍存有疑虑。

记忆体晶片市场的供需动能极为复杂,南韩与中国的大规模产能扩张正为市场带来隐忧。南韩政府推动了庞大的晶片厂建设专案,而中国记忆体龙头长鑫存储(CXMT)也计划进行首次公开募股以筹集资金扩产,这些举措预计将使产业产能达到历史新高,进而可能在未来几年内缓解甚至扭转目前的人工智慧晶片短缺现象。

目前全球动态随机存取记忆体(DRAM)市场主要由三星、SK海力士及美光三家巨头垄断,但随著各国政治野心与战略布局的介入,这一寡头垄断结构显得十分脆弱。若市场供给因各国扩产而过剩,分析师所宣称的「超级周期」将面临严峻挑战,麦克·贝瑞对该产业周期性危机的预警或许即将成真。

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Michael Burry, the prominent investor from "The Big Short," has shorted Micron Technology shares, asserting that the memory chip industry defines cyclicality and is prone to volatile boom-and-bust cycles. Despite efforts by chipmakers to secure long-term customer agreements to stabilize earnings visibility, market sentiment remains highly sensitive, leading to sharp sell-offs even after blowout earnings reports.

The supply-demand dynamics of the memory industry are complex, with massive capacity expansions in South Korea and China posing potential risks of oversupply. South Korea is initiating mega-projects to construct new chipmaking plants, while China's DRAM giant ChangXin Memory Technologies (CXMT) plans to raise funds via an IPO for expansion, both of which could drive industry capacity to record highs.

Currently, Samsung, SK Hynix, and Micron dominate the global DRAM market, but this oligopoly remains fragile as memory chips are increasingly viewed as strategic national assets. As geopolitical ambitions drive aggressive capacity expansion in Beijing and Seoul, the projected industry supercycle might be disrupted, potentially proving Burry's warnings about the cyclical bust correct.
2026-07-06 (Monday) · 42c603922e94ade109e4197b5bf2823fed22a99a