在日本福冈，一座投资约70亿日元（约450万美元）的渗透能电站以约110千瓦的装机容量为邻近海水淡化厂供电，这一规模理论上足以覆盖约200户普通家庭的用电需求。该项目利用淡化厂产生的高浓度废卤水和污水处理后的再生水，提高渗透效率的同时减少向海洋排放高盐废水对环境的损害。

过去几年，关键技术趋势是膜材料性能的跃升：更高的水通量和更低的污染倾向，使渗透能和反渗透淡化的整体能效显著提高。法国公司 Sweetch Energy 在罗讷河三角洲建设试验电站，并采用由天然材料（如木材）制成的纳米管结构离子选择性膜，以降低此前长期居高不下的膜成本。

若试验成功，Sweetch 计划在未来十年内建成一座容量约500兆瓦的大型电站，为马赛及周边约190万人供电，并将平准化度电成本压低到每兆瓦时100美元以下。尽管部分风光项目在标称度电成本上更便宜，但它们的间歇性意味着需要额外电池储能，而只要河水持续入海，渗透能则有望在昼夜和各种天气条件下提供稳定基荷电力。

I’m looking at some key numbers related to osmotic power technology. For instance, there’s a history spanning over 2,000 years, with significant developments in the 1870s. A notable pilot project in Fukuoka cost ¥700 million ($4.5 million) and provided 110 kilowatts, enough for about 200 homes. I should consider trends like improved membranes and cost reductions using waste brine for efficiency. In the second part, I could highlight recent advancements in membrane technology and applications for saltwater settings.

I’m focusing on the specifics of the Sweetch France project, which involves a trial followed by a 500 MW plant aimed at serving 1.9 million people. The target levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) is under $100/MWh, making it competitive with some solar and wind options, even if slightly higher. However, it provides a significant advantage due to its 24/7 baseload capacity compared to intermittent sources requiring batteries. Next, I'll prepare Chinese translations for the first three paragraphs.

In Fukuoka, Japan, a ¥700m (about $4.5m) osmotic power plant with roughly 110 kilowatts of capacity supplies electricity to a nearby desalination facility, a scale theoretically sufficient for around 200 typical homes. The project accelerates osmosis by using highly concentrated waste brine from reverse-osmosis desalination and treated wastewater instead of fresh water, boosting efficiency while reducing the environmental burden of discharging extra-salty effluent.