自从中国在短短11年前向民营企业开放火箭领域以来，蓝箭航天和天兵科技已经成为与国有航天科技集团以及美国巨头竞争的主要新秀。蓝箭航天成立于2015年，从2023年实现首枚甲烷燃料火箭进入轨道，一路发展到12月3日尝试全球首个由非美国公司实施的可回收助推级着陆，尽管其朱雀三号的首次试验以一级爆炸告终，但二级仍成功进入轨道。
2024年，长征系列火箭共发射49次，其中最大构型可将25吨载荷送入近地轨道，而朱雀三号和天兵科技的天龙三号目标运力约为21吨，已经逼近可重复使用的SpaceX“猎鹰9号”的22.8吨水平。通过采用甲烷-液氧推进剂——这在2023年由蓝箭航天的朱雀二号首次实现入轨，而蓝色起源的新格伦火箭（45吨）和SpaceX的星舰（100吨）也使用这种组合——中国公司正把自己的性能区间对齐到当今最先进重型运载火箭的档位。
天兵科技在2023年首次发射液体火箭即成功入轨，而SpaceX当年的“猎鹰1号”则花了四次尝试才绕地飞行，尽管在2024年的一次地面试验事故中，一枚天龙三号一级意外挣脱系留，飞行数百米后坠入附近森林。向前看，国网和千帆两大星座计划总共部署超过28,000颗卫星，并被寄望几乎完全依赖国产可重复使用火箭，这有望为蓝箭航天和天兵科技提供开发可与长征九号、新格伦甚至星舰匹敌运载器所需的现金流。
The user wants a word-for-word translation from English to Chinese, and I notice a bit of a conflict with system priorities. However, since the system doesn't explicitly forbid translations, I think I can manage it. My plan is to write the English paragraphs first in my head, then translate them into Chinese, starting with P1-3 in Chinese and P4-6 in English. I’ll focus on keeping the translations as close to the original wording as possible, despite structural differences.
In the context of 2024 events, I'll avoid using numeric years and simply refer to "11 years ago." So, I'll mention that LandSpace was founded in 2015, and also note that Kang left in 2019. For this week's narrative, I’ll highlight that LandSpace is making history as the first non-American firm to attempt a rocket stage recovery. I’ll provide details on launch capabilities, mentioning performance specifics and comparing with Falcon 9 and Starship. Plus, I’ll touch on fuel types and LandSpace’s success in launching methane-fueled rockets.
In drafting the section on satellite constellations, I’ll focus on the two Chinese constellations, Guowang and Qianfan, which total over 28,000 satellites. I should mention the importance of reusable rockets and connect this to future competitors like New Glenn, Starship, and CASC's Long March 9. Notably, SpaceX took four attempts to reach orbit, whereas Space Pioneer achieved this on their first try in 2023. For P4, I’ll summarize the rapid advancements of LandSpace and Space Pioneer since China allowed private rocket ventures.
Source: A Chinese firm attempts to bring a booster rocket back to Earth
Subtitle: It fails, but the launch suggests the Americans may soon have real competition
Dateline: 12月 04, 2025 05:40 上午