根据AidData 11月18日发布的最新报告，2000年至2023年间，中国在全球范围内共涉及超过30,000个金融项目，其对外金融承诺达到2.17万亿美元（通胀调整后）。其中，只有6%被认定为援助（包括赠款或低息贷款），另外3%难以归类，而有47%（即1.02万亿美元）是贫困国家借入，43%由高收入国家获得。美国是最大的单一借款方，获得2020亿美元贷款。

“一带一路”倡议自2013年启动后，其基础设施贷款仅占中国十年总信贷的20%。且近年来随着政策性银行（如国开行和进出口银行）的借贷减少，中国大型商业银行（如工行和中行）成为主导。2019至2023年，这些商业银行占国有债权人全部贷款的约60%；在高收入国家占比超过80%。部分贷款流向政府认定“敏感”的行业，例如电信、芯片和数据收集。

AidData团队通过跨国媒体报道、借款国资料及多边机构信息补全了官方统计的空白。中国外汇局官方数据2023年末贷款余额为8050亿美元，另有6440亿美元贸易融资；但这些数据不包括海外子公司的贷款及外商直接投资相关贷款，两者统计口径不可直接对比。AidData数据库包含逾1100家中国国有银行和捐赠方，连一些中国政府自身未能完全掌握的对外贷款都被追踪到。

According to the latest report by AidData released on November 18, from 2000 to 2023, China was involved in over 30,000 financial projects worldwide, making overseas financial commitments totaling $2.17 trillion (adjusted for inflation). Of this, only 6% is classified as aid (including grants or concessional loans), another 3% is hard to categorize, while 47% ($1.02 trillion) went to poor countries and 43% to high-income countries. The biggest single borrower was America, receiving $202 billion.

Since the launch of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in 2013, infrastructure loans under the BRI accounted for only 20% of the total Chinese credit in the following decade. As policy banks like China Development Bank and Ex-Im Bank reduced lending, giant commercial banks such as ICBC and Bank of China became dominant. From 2019 to 2023, these commercial banks made up around 60% of all state-owned creditor lending and over 80% in high-income countries. A growing share of loans goes to “sensitive” industries, such as telecoms, microprocessors, and personal data companies.

AidData’s team used global media reports, borrower country data, and information from multilateral institutions to supplement official statistics. According to China’s State Administration of Foreign Exchange, outstanding loan stock at the end of 2023 was $805 billion, plus $644 billion in trade finance, but these figures exclude loans from overseas subsidiaries and FDI financing, making direct comparison impossible. The AidData database covers more than 1,100 state-owned lenders and donors, tracking even some loans not fully visible to Chinese authorities.