最近的科学研究显示，地球可能透过早期的大气相互作用自行合成了海洋。虽然科学家历史上根据顽火无球粒陨石认为早期地球缺乏氢，但研究员 Bryson 等人揭示了氢一直存在，并隐藏在有机分子中。在 2023 年，模型提出高压氢气大气与富含氧的岩浆洋反应可产生水。为了测试这一点，Harrison Horn、S.-H. Dan Shim 及其同事花费了 5 年开发金刚石压腔实验，以模拟年轻的次海王星系外行星，其直径为地球直径的 2 至 4 倍（基于地球平均直径 12,742 公里，约为 25,488 公里至 50,976 公里）。
这些实验取得了戏剧性的结果，表明高压氢气与雷射熔化的岩石反应所产生的水，比先前预测的多出高达 1,000 倍。像 Paul Byrne 这样的行星科学家指出，这种本土产生的水可以迅速生成海洋。然而，这是否适用于地球仍存在争议。实验地球物理学家 Quentin Williams 指出，虽然产生水是可能的，但由于早期大气氢含量未知，其产生量仍是个谜。与巨大的次海王星不同，地球处于保留氢气的重力极限边缘，这使得像 Anders Johansen 这样的天体物理学家怀疑一个地球质量的行星是否能在大规模上维持这种反应。
尽管如此，即使是短暂的反应期也可能产生了地球巨大的海洋，这表明富含水的行星可能很常见。另外，彗星撞击仍然是地球水源的一个可行来源。在 Rosetta 任务于 2014 年与 67P 彗星会合时，科学家已经分析了其他 11 颗彗星，发现了异常的氘氢（D/H）比。然而，在 2011 年，欧洲太空总署（ESA）的 Herschel 太空望远镜发现 Hartley 2 彗星拥有类似地球的水特征，这表明地球的海洋可能源于内部合成与外部输送的结合。
Recent scientific investigations suggest Earth may have synthesized its own oceans through early atmospheric interactions. While scientists historically believed the early Earth lacked hydrogen based on enstatite chondrite meteorites, researcher Bryson and others revealed hydrogen was present, hidden in organic molecules. In 2023, models proposed that a high-pressure hydrogen atmosphere reacting with an oxygen-rich magma ocean could produce water. To test this, Harrison Horn, S.-H. Dan Shim, and colleagues spent 5 years developing diamond anvil experiments to simulate adolescent sub-Neptune exoplanets, which are 2 to 4 times the diameter of Earth (approximately 25,488 km to 50,976 km based on Earth's mean diameter of 12,742 km).
The experiments yielded dramatic results, demonstrating that high-pressure hydrogen and laser-melted rock reacted to produce up to 1,000 times more water than previously predicted. Planetary scientists like Paul Byrne suggest this indigenous water production could quickly generate oceans. However, applicability to Earth remains debated. Experimental geophysicist Quentin Williams notes that while water generation is possible, the volume is enigmatic due to unknown early atmospheric hydrogen levels. Unlike massive sub-Neptunes, Earth is at the gravity limit for retaining hydrogen, leading astrophysicists like Anders Johansen to doubt if an Earth-mass planet could sustain this reaction at scale.
Nevertheless, even a brief reaction period could have produced Earth's vast oceans, suggesting water-rich planets may be common. Alternatively, cometary impacts remain a viable source of Earth's water. By the time the Rosetta mission rendezvoused with comet 67P in 2014, scientists had analyzed 11 other comets, finding anomalous deuterium-to-hydrogen (D/H) ratios. However, in 2011, the ESA Herschel Space Observatory discovered that comet Hartley 2 possessed an Earth-like water signature, indicating that Earth's oceans likely originated from a combination of internal synthesis and external delivery.