由摩门先驱开凿的 Hole-in-the-Rock Road 是一条 62 英里（约 100 公里）的土路，从 Escalante 到 Lake Powell 驾车通常需要约 4 小时；下雨时红色淤沙变成泥巴会更久。自 1996 年起，这条道路大多数位于受联邦保护的 Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument。Garfield County 官员如 Leland Pollock 以内战时期法规权益主张地方权利，但观光仍高度依赖这条通道。去年夏天，联邦法官裁定 Grant Garfield 与 Kane County 享有路权，乡镇遂平整路段准备碎石封层与涵管；之后 BLM 让县政府继续管理，支持者说更有效率，反对者则视为联邦退缩。

这场冲突是 Utah 长期要求缩减华府对公地管控的一环，该州联邦土地比例接近三分之二，2012 年起持续要求移转。虽然美国最高法院驳回了 Utah 的宪法挑战，Mike Lee 在 One Big Beautiful Bill 的 1,200,000 英亩（约 486,000 公顷）转移条款也因反对声浪而撤回，但政策推进未停止。位于 Utah 东南部的一座铀矿提案在 11 天内完成环评（通常需数个月至数年），州方称其高效，当地部落则仅有一周意见期。Utah 亦取得实质进展：与联邦机构每日协调、取消 Arches 的时段预约制度，并完成 20 年期国有林共同管理架构。

在 One Big Beautiful Bill 下，BLM 目前必须每季拍卖油气租地，凡钻探公司提出的地块都要列入，等于放大产业对其他土地用途的影响力。近期 Utah 租地中，BLM 出售 57 块地，收入 56.4 百万美元（USD），Carbon County 的煤矿成为首个采用加速租赁程序的案场。联邦也支持 Alaska 提出高达 2.1 百万英亩（约 8,500 平方公里）采矿需求，以及 211 英里（约 340 公里）采矿道路计划，同时削弱 Tongass 保护。对于纪念碑政策，Trump 于 2017 年把 Grand Staircase-Escalante 从 1,900,000 英亩（约 7,690 平方公里）缩到不足 900,000 英亩（约 3,640 平方公里），后由 Biden 复原；第十巡回上诉法院的待决判决可能再度改变尺度，担忧将波及 Bears Ears 等地。

Hole-in-the-Rock Road, a dirt track of 62 miles (about 100 km) carved by Mormon settlers usually takes about four hours from Escalante to Lake Powell, and rain can make it worse when red silt turns to mud. Since 1996, most of the road has been inside the federally protected Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument. Garfield County officials such as Leland Pollock cite Civil War-era rights claims to justify local control, though tourism still depends on access. Last summer, a federal judge granted Garfield and Kane right-of-way, and county crews flattened segments for chip-sealing and culverts. BLM then let the county continue managing it; supporters call it efficient, while critics read it as federal rollback.

The dispute is part of Utah’s long push to reduce Washington’s control of public lands, where federal ownership is close to two-thirds of the state and transfer demands intensified after 2012. Even after the U.S. Supreme Court rejected Utah’s constitutional challenge and the 1,200,000-acre (about 486,000-hectare) transfer clause in Mike Lee’s One Big Beautiful Bill amendment was withdrawn, policy momentum continued. A southeast Utah uranium proposal completed environmental review in 11 days, usually a multi-month to multi-year process, and officials praised the speed though local tribes had only one week for comments. Utah also secured practical shifts: daily coordination with federal agencies, cancellation of timed-entry at Arches, and a 20-year co-management framework in national forests.

Under the One Big Beautiful Bill, BLM must now auction oil-and-gas leases quarterly and offer parcels requested by drillers, giving industry stronger leverage over other uses. In the latest Utah lease sale, 57 parcels sold for USD 56.4 million, and a Carbon County coal mine became the first to use expedited leasing rules. The administration also backed Alaska requests for up to 2.1 million acres (about 8,500 sq km) for mining, a 211-mile (about 340 km) mining road, and reduced protections in Tongass. On monument policy, Trump reduced Grand Staircase-Escalante from 1,900,000 acres (about 7,690 sq km) to under 900,000 acres (about 3,640 sq km) in 2017, later restored by Biden; a pending 10th Circuit ruling could reopen the issue and raise fears of further rollbacks affecting Bears Ears.