一个国际团队制备出可在「37 维」状态空间中操作的光子，相较于我们熟悉的 3 个空间维度（即使再加上时间）仍多出 34 个「参考自由度」，用以把量子行为推向更高维的可检验极限。

研究立足于 1989 年提出的 Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger（GHZ）悖论：量子理论无法被「局域实在论」完整描述。GHZ 类实验把量子非定域性刻画得更尖锐——若假设粒子只受邻近影响，会导致逻辑／数学矛盾，甚至可被表述为计算上出现「1 = −1」的荒谬结论。

为了在 37 维中实作测试，团队将 GHZ 型条件编码进相干光，并以可控的波长与颜色来精细操控光子；作者与受访者宣称这导出了迄今最强的「非经典」效应之一。合作者提到，量子理论发展约 100 年后我们可能仍只见「冰山一角」，而高维系统有望带来更强的量子优势并开启后续应用与研究方向。

An international team engineered photons that can be manipulated in a 37-dimensional state space—34 more than our familiar 3 spatial dimensions (even before adding time). The experiment pushes quantum tests into much higher-dimensional “reference points” to probe how extreme quantum behavior can become as the accessible dimension count increases.

The study builds on the Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) paradox (1989), a no-go result showing quantum theory cannot be replicated by local realism. GHZ-type scenarios sharpen nonlocality: if influences are restricted to nearby causes, the predicted outcomes can become logically inconsistent, sometimes expressed as a calculation implying 1 = −1.

To reach 37 dimensions, the researchers encoded a GHZ-style test into coherent light with tightly controlled wavelength/color so the photons could be precisely manipulated. A co-author suggested that roughly 100 years into quantum physics, we may still be seeing only the “tip of the iceberg.” The authors argue that high-dimensional platforms could yield stronger “quantum advantages” and open new avenues for research and applications.