《Physical Review D》中的一篇模型研究将当代两个少见概念连在一起：循环宇宙与原初黑洞。这个模型由Enrique Gaztanaga提出，认为宇宙并非从奇点单次诞生，而是不断崩溃、反弹并再膨胀的序列；每个宇宙都可看作前一个宇宙的后继。模型关键假设是，大于约90公尺的结构在前宇宙最后的坍缩后可穿越并在下一宇宙延续，这种遗存(relics)甚至可作为目前宇宙早期巨大结构形成的种子。文章同时指出，暗物质在宇宙总物质中的比例约为85%。

传统上，暗物质长期被认为是未知粒子，然而数十年直接探测始终无成果，研究人员遂改向替代理论。替代想法认为，暗物质可能并非陌生基本粒子，而是大量难以察觉的小型黑洞。此模型在论证上具吸引力，但也面临压力：若要用黑洞解释暗物质，这些黑洞必须在第一代星体形成以前就存在；虽有迹象指向其可能性，但缺少一个令人信服的生成机制，这让该假说长期未能完全建立起物理上的首因。文章也提到该研究最初在《WIRED en Español》发表并由西语转译。

Gaztanaga在《The Conversation》进一步指出，若宇宙反弹确实能保存紧凑天体，则今日宇宙在出生瞬间就可能已经「预载」黑洞，而非必须依赖极端起伏或微调通胀来产生。这一主张可同时同时处理两个难题：黑洞来源与暗物质性质。若模型成立，暗物质并非早期宇宙的未解之谜，而是先于我们宇宙的前序宇宙留下的遗产。作者认为该想法仍需与观测资料对照检验，包括重力波背景、银河调查与宇宙微波背景的高精度测量，以决定其可行性。

A recent model in Physical Review D combines two uncommon ideas—cyclic cosmology and primordial black holes. Proposed by Enrique Gaztanaga, it describes a universe that does not begin from a single singularity but undergoes endless contraction, bounce, and re-expansion cycles, where each universe follows sequentially from the prior one. The key claim is that structures larger than about 90 meters can survive the previous universe’s final collapse and pass through the rebound, potentially acting as relics that seed the giant structures seen in the early stages of the present universe. The article also notes that dark matter accounts for about 85 percent of all matter in the universe.

For decades, dark matter has mainly been modeled as one or more unknown particles, but repeated experiments have failed to detect them directly, motivating alternative hypotheses. One such hypothesis is that dark matter consists of a large population of small black holes that has been overlooked. The idea is attractive, yet difficult: to explain dark matter, those black holes would need to exist earlier than the first stars could collapse. Evidence hints they might exist, but a convincing physical mechanism for their origin has remained missing. The report traces this discussion to a Spanish source from WIRED en Español, translated into English.

Gaztanaga adds in The Conversation that if a cosmic bounce can preserve compact structures, the current universe may have begun with pre-existing black holes, avoiding the need for fine-tuned inflationary fluctuations to create them. This single assumption could address two puzzles at once: where those black holes come from and what dark matter is. If correct, dark matter would be a relic inherited from a cosmos predating our own, not a mystery generated only in the earliest moments after our Big Bang. He stresses that the scenario is not yet confirmed and must be tested against data, including gravitational-wave backgrounds, galaxy surveys, and precision cosmic microwave background measurements.