《Lancet》一项研究报告指出，重度肥胖与严重传染病结局风险增加 70% 有关，这使肥胖的危害从糖尿病与心血管疾病等慢性病进一步延伸。作者将其置于全球背景下讨论：过去 3 decades 内肥胖率已超过翻倍且仍持续上升，因此引发担忧，感染脆弱性可能是过量体重一项未被充分认识的后果。

研究人员使用来自 UK 与 Finland 的 540000 名参与者观察性资料，发现体重越高，感染结局越呈现逐步恶化，包括流感、肺炎、肠胃炎、泌尿道与呼吸道感染。风险在不同体重层级都上升，而最重度肥胖组相较于 BMI 健康范围者，严重结局风险约为 3 times。此模式并非普遍存在，在本次分析中，HIV 与 TB 的住院或死亡风险没有明确上升。

团队估计，肥胖在 2023 年可能对全球传染病死亡贡献了略高于 10%，且各国差异明显：在高收入国家中，US 约为 25%，UK 约为 1 in 6，而在纳入分析的国家中，Vietnam 为 1.2%。作者强调这些是关联而非已证实因果，并指出代表性与资料品质存在限制，尤其在低资源环境。实务意涵包括扩大肥胖人群可负担健康食物、身体活动机会与最新疫苗接种的可近性，因为随著盛行率上升，可能增加与感染相关的住院与死亡。

A Lancet study reports that severe obesity is associated with a 70% higher risk of serious infectious disease outcomes, extending obesity harms beyond chronic illnesses like diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The authors frame this in a global context where obesity rates have more than doubled over the past 3 decades and continue to rise, raising concern that infection vulnerability may be an underrecognized consequence of excess body weight.

Using observational data from 540000 participants in the UK and Finland, researchers found higher body weight tracked with progressively worse infection outcomes, including flu, pneumonia, gastroenteritis, and urinary and respiratory infections. Risk increased across weight levels, and the most severely obese group had about 3 times the risk of severe outcomes versus people in the healthy BMI range. The pattern was not universal, with no clear increase in hospitalization or death risk for HIV and TB in this analysis.

The team estimates obesity may have contributed to just over 10% of global infectious disease deaths in 2023, with major cross-country variation: about 25% in the US among high-income countries, around 1 in 6 in the UK, and 1.2% in Vietnam among countries analyzed. The authors stress these are associations, not proven causality, and note limits in representativeness and data quality, especially in low-resource settings. Practical implications include expanding access to affordable healthy food, physical activity opportunities, and up-to-date vaccinations for people with obesity as rising prevalence could increase infection-linked hospitalizations and deaths.