中国近年来正积极扩大其域外司法管辖权，陆续推出多项针对遵守外国制裁、调查中国供应链以及损害民族团结等行为的法律法规。这些法律威胁将对涉事个人与跨国企业处以巨额罚款甚至出境禁令，显示北京当局企图借由法律战反制以美国为首的西方制裁体系，并推进以中国为核心的全球治理模式。

北京推动所谓「涉外法治」已逾十年，近期在美中科技战与地缘政治竞争升温下大幅加速，例如发布限制供应链尽职调查的第 834 号令、反制不当域外管辖的第 835 号令，以及对海外违规发起诉讼的民族团结法等。此外，中国也开始强势执行这些法规，包含阻止美企收购涉中公司、祭出出境禁令，并依据反外国制裁法对抗美国对采购伊朗石油炼油厂的制裁。

法律学者与业界专家指出，日益密集的法律网络让跨国企业陷入相互冲突的制裁与合规困境，承受巨大合规风险。随著外国在先进技术与供应链对中国经济依赖加深，北京正将其庞大的市场与经济影响力转化为实质的法律反制杠杆，要求国际社会正视并顺应其日益增长的全球话语权。

China is actively expanding its extraterritorial judicial reach by rolling out a series of legal tools targeting activities such as complying with foreign sanctions, investigating Chinese supply chains, and undermining ethnic unity. These laws carry severe penalties including heavy fines and exit bans for individuals and multinationals, reflecting Beijing's push to engage in legal warfare against US-led sanctions and reshape the global governance order into a more China-centric model.

Accelerating its decade-long initiative on 'foreign-related rule of law' amid escalating tech rivalry with the US, Beijing has recently issued measures such as Order 834 restricting supply chain due diligence, Order 835 addressing improper foreign jurisdiction, and sweeping ethnic unity legislation. China is also enforcing these rules more assertively, blocking cross-border acquisitions, imposing executive travel bans, and invoking anti-foreign sanctions provisions against US measures targeting Chinese refiners.

Legal scholars and analysts emphasize that this expanding regulatory web places multinational corporations in a harsh dilemma between competing and contradictory compliance regimes. Leveraging foreign dependence on its robust economy and global supply chains, Beijing is now translating its economic clout into tangible legal instruments to counter external pressure and assert its rising global influence.