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随著美以对伊朗战争引发荷姆兹海峡暂时关闭，伊朗与阿曼在海峡重新开放之际，研议建立永久收费机制。这项收费提议引发国际对全球关键海上航道脆弱性的关注，并可能重塑全球供应链的管理模式，挑战现行国际法保障的自由航行权。

土耳其的黑海海峡在《蒙特勒公约》规范下，以船舶净吨位及金法郎计算服务收费，其收入近年大幅增长。此外，麻六甲海峡由印尼、马来西亚与新加坡协调管理且不收通行费，但设有自愿维护基金；而叶门胡塞武装组织则在巴布沙曼德海峡考虑效法伊朗收取通行费。

与天然通道不同，苏伊士运河与巴拿马运河为国家主权运河，其营运机构有权收取通行费，但近年分别受到地缘政治冲突、干旱与外交紧张局势的影响，导致运营与收入面临波动。

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Following the temporary closure of the Strait of Hormuz due to the US-Israel war on Iran, Iran and Oman are considering the establishment of a permanent transit fee system as the waterway reopens. The prospect of these fees has highlighted the vulnerability of global supply chains and could set a new precedent that challenges the traditional right of free passage guaranteed by international law.

Turkey's Bosphorus and Dardanelles straits operate under the Montreux Convention, charging service fees based on vessel tonnage that have significantly boosted revenues. Meanwhile, the Malacca Strait remains toll-free under joint management with a voluntary maintenance fund, while Houthi militants in Yemen are reportedly considering similar transit tolls in the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.

Unlike natural waterways, the Suez and Panama canals are sovereign infrastructure projects allowed to levy substantial tolls, though both have recently faced operational and financial volatility due to geopolitical tensions, droughts, and diplomatic disputes.
2026-07-09 (Thursday) · 781cfd45d50f807b653a2f7776847b610332b146