毕加索的《格尔尼卡》是马德里雷纳·索菲亚博物馆的核心藏品，以其痛苦的面孔和扭曲的身体闻名，是20世纪艺术的标志。巴斯克民族主义者希望自十月起将其运到毕尔巴鄂古根海姆展出九个月，以纪念自治区政府成立90周年和空袭纪念日：当时纳粹德国在1937年的轰炸中杀害了200至300名平民，但雷纳·索菲亚在佩德罗·桑切斯社会主义政府支持下表示，这幅油画过于脆弱，不能运输。
巴斯克方面要求对该作品回到故乡的具体条件展开调查，桑切斯依赖巴斯克民族主义议会选票使他们拥有影响力。《格尔尼卡》于1937年1月应濒临崩溃的西班牙共和国请求，为巴黎的一个国际展览而创作，在1981年民主复归后按毕加索的要求回到西班牙，并自1992年安置于雷纳·索菲亚以来一直没有离开。
加泰罗尼亚社会主义地区政府支持了巴斯克的诉求，但批评者称其虚伪，因为巴塞罗那加泰罗尼亚国家艺术博物馆在执行最高法院关于将12世纪锡耶纳壁画归还阿拉贡边境修道院的命令时进展缓慢。该案又被指与2017年独立公投失败有关，但更大的问题是，一个高度分权的西班牙能否把国家级艺术藏品从地方控制中统一起来，还是说艺术像政治一样注定本土化。
Picasso’s Guernica is the centerpiece of Madrid’s Reina Sofía museum, renowned for its anguished faces and twisted bodies as an icon of twentieth-century art. Basque nationalist leaders want it moved from October to Bilbao’s Guggenheim for nine months to mark the regional government’s 90th anniversary and the bombing anniversary, where Nazi Germany’s 1937 air raid killed 200 to 300 civilians, but the Reina Sofía, backed by Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez’s Socialist government, says the painting is too fragile to travel.
The Basques have asked for an inquiry into the exact conditions under which the work can return home, and Sánchez’s reliance on Basque nationalist parliamentary votes gives them leverage. Painted in January 1937 for a Paris international exhibition at the request of the beleaguered Spanish Republic, it returned to Spain in 1981 after democratic transition, as Picasso required, and has stayed in the Reina Sofía since its installation in 1992.
Catalonia’s socialist regional government backed the Basque demand, a move critics call hypocritical because Barcelona’s National Museum of Catalan Art has been slow to obey a Supreme Court order to return 12th-century Sijena frescoes to a monastery in Aragón. The case, assigned to another judge and given a 13-month deadline, is often linked to the 2017 independence referendum fallout, but the broader issue is whether a highly decentralized Spain can keep national art from becoming permanently local.
Source: Where should Pablo Picasso’s “Guernica” be allowed to hang?
Subtitle: Arguments over the painting’s rightful place hark back to ugly regional politics
Dateline: 4月 16, 2026 08:15 上午 | MADRID