日本政治长期以来像一条笔直的大道：大多数选票随着长期执政的自民党（LDP）移动，不满者则流向意识形态左翼；但在2月8日下院选举中竞争的10个主要政党里，2012年前就存在的只有3个（第4个是近期由两个更老政党合并而成），显示政治版图正变得多向分流。上周在短短一天之内，三个值得注意的新兴力量的领导人，硬右翼“自己动手党”（Sanseito）、民粹“国民民主党”（DPP）与技术乐观派“未来团队”（Mirai），都在东京涩谷路口举行集会，附近还有新兴极左“令和新选组”的动员，凸显“新”的需求在增长。
这些新生党派共同的焦虑是日本人口萎缩与老龄化，但提出的路线差异极大：DPP主张以大幅减税把“焦虑的一代”变成“充满希望的一代”，Mirai则主张加速采用AI、机器人与自动驾驶以弥补劳动力短缺。与之相反，Sanseito抨击移民并推崇17世纪早期统一日本的德川家康，歌颂其开启的以相对和平与严格锁国为特征、持续260年的时代。
这些党仍然规模不大：最大的是日本维新会（Ishin），在465席的众议院中拥有34席，约占7.3%，但凭借（部分源于）对社交媒体的熟练运用而能施加不成比例的影响。维新会已成为自民党的新联合执政伙伴，DPP与执政联盟谈判推动其偏好的税收政策，而Sanseito则把移民推到辩论中心；要在选举中宣称成功，这些新兴力量无需夺权，只需保持前进势头。
Japanese politics long resembled a straight thoroughfare: most votes moved with the long-ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) and the disaffected flowed to the ideological left; but in the February 8 lower-house election, only 3 of the 10 main competing parties existed before 2012 (a fourth is a recent merger of two longer-standing parties), showing a shift toward a multidirectional map. In a single day last week at Tokyo’s Shibuya crossing, leaders of three notable upstarts, the hard-right Do It Yourself Party (Sanseito), the populist Democratic Party for the People (DPP), and the techno-optimist Team Future (Mirai), held rallies, while the newer far-left Reiwa Shinsengumi gathered nearby, underscoring rising demand for novelty and change.
The newcomers share anxiety about Japan’s shrinking, ageing population, but their plans diverge sharply: the DPP argues big tax cuts can turn an “anxious generation” into a “hopeful generation,” and Mirai presses faster adoption of AI, robotics, and self-driving vehicles to offset labour shortages. By contrast, Sanseito attacks migrants and lauds Tokugawa Ieyasu, who unified Japan in the early 17th century and began a 260-year era marked by relative peace and strict isolationism.
These parties remain small: the largest is the Japan Innovation Party (Ishin) with 34 seats in the 465-member lower chamber, about 7.3%, yet they wield disproportionate influence, partly through adept social-media use. Ishin has become the LDP’s new coalition partner, the DPP has negotiated with the ruling coalition to advance a pet tax policy, and Sanseito has pushed immigration to the center of debate; to claim electoral success, the upstarts need not take power, only maintain forward motion.
Source: Newborn parties are scrambling Japanese politics
Subtitle: Though small, they have large megaphones
Dateline: 2月 05, 2026 08:33 上午 | Tokyo