在俄罗斯施压和美国可靠性下降的双重压力下，欧洲各国正加快提高国防支出，推出规模为1500亿欧元的SAFE基金，以及通过允许额外最多占GDP 1.5%的军费支出来触发额外6500亿欧元的“国家豁免条款”。截至11月30日，已有19个国家将SAFE认购满额，其中波兰一国就申请437亿欧元，而北约欧洲成员国则计划到2035年把核心国防预算从GDP的2%提升到3.5%，并为相关基础设施再追加1.5%，因为俄罗斯最早可能在2027年就对欧洲构成直接威胁。

要替代美国在北约框架下承担的常规非核能力，从远程打击到空中情报和超大规模云计算，预计成本约为1万亿美元，而延斯·斯托尔滕贝格的继任者马克·吕特呼吁欧洲防空能力提高400%。欧洲国防开支名义上已比2022年高出50%，预计未来五年每年将达到5000亿至7000亿欧元，其中约30%用于采购，波兰的军费正走向占GDP 4.8%，德国则力争在2029年前提高到3.5%，约合1950亿美元。

尽管俄罗斯经济规模仅约为欧洲的十分之一，国际战略研究所表示按购买力计算，其今年的国防支出将与所有欧洲北约成员之和大致相当，凸显加快行动的紧迫性。自2022年以来，按金额计算大约53%的合同流向欧洲企业、36%流向美国供应商，同时德国被敦促到2030年将“颠覆性”项目在其采购预算中的比重从10%提高到30%，英国则为快速创新划拨4亿英镑，但通常两到三年的交付周期、像七国参与的ELSA巡航导弹这类臃肿项目、严格的议会审批以及选民对从社会开支转向军费的抵触，都可能继续拖慢欧洲的应对速度。

I need to concentrate on key numerical data, ratios, and trends for clarity. Each paragraph should be around 70 words, totaling about 210 words. I'll start by drafting in English before translating. Key figures are: SAFE at €150bn, involving 19 countries, with Poland at €43.7bn. NATO aims for a 5% total spending by 2035, fueled by Russia's threat. I'll reference other countries' expected contributions and contracts to emphasize European defense readiness and funding needs.

I’m working on my first paragraph about EU defense finance commitments, focusing on the SAFE fund, NEC, NATO targets, and the Russia threat. I’ll include how these financial initiatives aim to address rising concerns. Here's my draft:

"European governments are increasing defense spending due to pressure from Russia and uncertainties regarding America, launching the €150bn SAFE fund and a National Escape Clause that could unlock €650bn through an additional 1.5% GDP military outlay. By November 30th, 19 countries had subscribed to SAFE, with Poland seeking €43.7bn. NATO's European members aim to raise core defense budgets from 2% to 3.5% of GDP, adding another 1.5% for infrastructure by 2035, as Russia poses an emerging threat by 2027."

Source: Europe is going on a huge military spending spree

Subtitle: But with America now an unreliable ally, will it be enough to counter Russia?

Dateline: 12月 04, 2025 05:40 上午