美国大公司正被迫在碎片化监管中运营：在缺乏联邦统一规则时，已有5个州通过了规范私营部门人工智能的广泛法律，至少还有16个州在推进，且数百项州级法案在标注要求与风险通报时限上彼此冲突。对跨州企业而言，这意味着合规对象从“1个联邦框架”膨胀为“50个州级权力中心”的趋势，政治与执行成本同步上升。
企业应对已呈现可量化升级：Meta为影响州级人工智能立法投入6500万美元游说，同时其业务还要并行处理县级诉讼、地方数据中心阻力与州级税收风险。若加州实施对亿万富翁征收5%税率的方案，约200名当地亿万富翁存在外迁预期，这将把税制变化直接转化为人口与资本流动压力。
公司法与监管套利路径也在重排：自2024年相关判决后，已有十余家上市公司把注册地从特拉华迁往内华达，且这一迁移被大型资本机构进一步放大。历史对比强化了“碎片化可能长期化”的统计信号，因为铁路在1887年才纳入联邦监督、而跨州银行业务直到1994年才真正放开，显示制度统一常以“数十年”计而非短期完成。
Large American companies are being forced to operate inside fragmented regulation: in the absence of unified federal rules, 5 states have already passed broad laws governing private-sector AI, at least 16 more are advancing them, and hundreds of state bills conflict on labeling rules and risk-notification timelines. For interstate firms, this shows a shift from “1 federal framework” toward “50 state power centers,” with political and execution costs rising in parallel.
Corporate response is already quantifiably escalating: Meta is spending $65 million on lobbying to shape state AI laws while simultaneously managing county-level child-safety testimony, municipal data-center opposition, and state tax exposure. If California adopts a 5% billionaire levy, roughly 200 billionaires living there would face strong incentives to relocate, converting tax policy directly into population and capital-flow pressure.
Incorporation and regulatory-arbitrage routes are also being reordered: since the 2024 court ruling, more than a dozen public firms have moved incorporation away from Delaware, mostly to Nevada, and major venture-capital signaling is amplifying that migration. Historical benchmarks strengthen the trend signal that fragmentation can persist, because railroads operated until 1887 before federal supervision and interstate banking was only fully enabled in 1994, implying policy unification often takes decades rather than a short cycle.
Source: America’s bosses are being dragged into local politics
Subtitle: Arise, CEO-councilme
Dateline: 2月 26, 2026 04:43 上午