在清迈，一处一年内由Ko Thet改造的前废弃场地变成了缅甸夜市，成为流亡者的社会与经济支点，象征着他们必须在异国“扎根”。围绕mohinga鱼汤、猪肉、啤酒、雪茄和歌曲，2021年政变后流离失所的缅甸人在此维持生计，使这座市场成为求生引擎。

联合国估计泰国有4.6百万缅甸人，其中约一半自2021年以来抵达，约40%是无证移民，来到者包括医生、教师和工程师，而且一些人比泰国同龄人更擅长英语、技术更熟练。即便如此，许多人仍接受更低工资，并越来越多在面向游客的行业工作，而Nye Chi的经历显示，IT、新闻和医疗等受过较高教育的职业路径也因政变而被迫中断。

泰国没有加入1951年联合国难民公约，因此寻求庇护者没有正式保护，常遭突击检查、遣返，甚至被直接交还他们逃离的缅甸军方；报道还称，官方之外的“警察卡”被用于敲诈。一个法律替代途径是“粉红卡”，成本高、程序复杂并依赖中间人，且与本地人回避的“脏、危险、艰难”的体力蓝领工作挂钩，但分析人士认为在泰国快速老龄化（生育率1-1.2）以及泰柬冲突后数十万柬埔寨工人离境的背景下，必须更容易进入白领岗位，尽管民族主义反对势力在抬头。

In Chiang Mai, a former junkyard was turned in a year into a Burmese night market by Ko Thet, becoming a social and economic anchor for people in exile and symbolizing their need to “root in foreign soil.” Around mohinga soup, pork, beer, cheroots, and songs, displaced Burmese rebuilding lives after the 2021 coup keep the market open as a survival engine.

The UN estimates 4.6 million Burmese in Thailand, with about half arriving since 2021 and roughly 40% undocumented; arrivals include doctors, teachers, and engineers, and some are more fluent in English and more technologically adept than Thai peers. Even so, many accept lower wages and increasingly work in tourist-facing trades, while cases like Nye Chi show higher-educated careers in IT, journalism, and medicine were derailed by the coup.

Thailand is not a party to the 1951 UN Refugee Convention, so asylum seekers have no formal protection and face raids, deportation, and even return to the Myanmar forces they fled; reports also describe extortion through unofficial “police cards.” A workaround is the “pink card,” which is costly, complicated, and middleman-heavy and tied to blue-collar, dirty, dangerous, and demanding jobs locals avoid, yet analysts argue easier access to white-collar positions is needed as Thailand ages (fertility 1-1.2) and after the Thailand-Cambodia conflict sent hundreds of thousands of Cambodian workers home, despite rising nationalist backlash.

Source: Millions of Burmese struggle to find safety in Thailand

Subtitle: Many refugees are left exposed

Dateline: 3月 26, 2026 04:45 上午 | Chiang Mai