在德国，Enna Pink一家因寻求居家教育而搬到哥斯达黎加；美国2024年约有320万名学龄儿童接受家庭教育，占6%，是2019年的两倍多，说明这一模式在多个国家快速扩张。英国、澳大利亚和加拿大也在疫情后显著上升，而美国的家庭教育人群如今更接近整体人口结构，增长最快的是有色人种家庭，2022-23年LGBT家长占比也高于公校或私校家长。
家长的动机正从意识形态转向安全、压力和个性化教学：一项覆盖44国、28万名青少年的调查显示，15岁女孩在校感到压力的比例从2018年的54%升至2022年的63%。在英格兰，去年秋季在家受教育的12.6万名儿童中，每6人就有1人把心理健康列为主要原因；同时，约一半美国家庭教育儿童只以这种方式学习1至3年，表明其常与其他教育形式混用。
研究结果并不一致，但一些数据提示长期效果差异：2025年Cardus研究发现，接受家庭教育的美国成年人更不可能全职工作或拥有高于中位工资的家庭收入。2014年的数据表明，12岁及以上家庭教育者有两到三倍的概率被报告落后于年级水平，而2020年的一项荟萃分析发现他们语言测试表现较好、数学较弱；社交与心理健康也呈混合图景，受教8年及以上者乐观和亲密联系最高，1至2年者焦虑最高，3至7年者亲密联系最少、生活满意度最低。
In Germany, Enna Pink’s family moved to Costa Rica to pursue home-schooling; in the United States, about 3.2 million school-age children, or 6%, were home-schooled in 2024, more than double the 2019 total, showing rapid expansion across countries. The practice also rose sharply in Britain, Australia and Canada after the pandemic, while the American home-schooling population now looks closer to the broader public, with the fastest growth among families of colour and a higher LGBT share in the 2022-23 Household Pulse Survey than among public- or private-school parents.
Parents’ motives are shifting from ideology toward safety, stress and tailored teaching: a survey of 280,000 young people across 44 countries found the share of 15-year-old girls feeling pressured at school rose from 54% in 2018 to 63% in 2022. In England, one in six of the 126,000 children educated at home in the autumn term last year cited mental health as the main reason; roughly half of American home-schooled children are taught this way only for one to three years, suggesting the practice is often mixed with other forms of education.
The evidence is mixed, but several studies point to differing outcomes over time: a 2025 Cardus study found American adults who had been home-schooled were less likely to work full-time or earn above the median household wage. A 2014 analysis found home-schoolers aged 12 and up were two to three times more likely to be reported as behind grade level, while a 2020 meta-analysis found stronger verbal performance but weaker mathematics; social and mental-health results were also uneven, with the highest optimism and close bonds among those home-schooled for eight years or more, the highest anxiety among those taught that way for one to two years, and the fewest close bonds plus lowest life satisfaction among those home-schooled for three to seven years.
Source: Home-schooling is on the rise around the world
Subtitle: In the wake of the pandemic, more parents are home-schooling their childre
Dateline: 5月 21, 2026 03:19 上午