在美国援助机构USAID被瓦解后一个月内，缅甸的 Pyi Gyi Khin 组织裁掉了14名最有经验的员工；2025年3月的大地震又摧毁了药品冷链储存设施，急救药物在高温中变质。协调员Naw Zarli称“一年内扭转了20年公共卫生进步”，该组织预算被削减80%，且未能找到替代资金。尽管地震后中国派出大规模救援队并承诺1.42亿美元，但2024年中国的外国援助预算约28亿美元，远低于特朗普时代USAID约350亿美元支出。

AidData称中国约85%的海外融资以贷款形式发行，其官方发展援助在2023年仅占全球组合的1.3%，相当于每1美元援助对应35美元贷款。2014年至2022年，美国援助约63%投入治理、健康和人道领域，支撑公民社会、诊所与独立记者，而中国资金则主要流向工业、采矿、能源与交通项目，由中资国企主导并通过主权贷款追求商业回报。这种差异在媒体领域最为突出：在缅甸，美国资金曾覆盖许多媒体约70%，Mekong News已裁掉15名员工中的13人，Radio Free Asia和美国之音的关闭重创柬埔寨、老挝、缅甸和越南，中国则通过内容共享向小型新闻机构扩展合作。

在健康层面，Zarli观察到随着项目停摆，HIV新发感染率上升；此前几十年美国通过非营利组织长期支持计划生育、HIV、疟疾和结核病。柬埔寨人权组织ADHOC裁掉超过60%员工，业务从23省缩减至12省，USAID曾占其预算70%，欧洲捐助仅弥补约10%—15%的缺口。其负责人Ny Sokha表示，即便有资金也不接受中国资金，因为这种模式强调“互利共赢”而非人权；即使中国在治理和媒体培训方面有项目，人权活动家也未被纳入，导致对军政府暴行的问责进一步弱化。

Within one month of USAID’s dismantling, Myanmar’s Pyi Gyi Khin laid off 14 of its most experienced staff, and the March 2025 earthquake then destroyed medicine cold-chain storage so life-saving drugs spoiled in heat. Coordinator Naw Zarli said the country had lost around 20 years of public-health progress in one year, with the organization’s budget cut by 80% and no replacement funding found. Although China sent a large rescue operation and pledged $142 million, its 2024 foreign-aid budget of about $2.8 billion is far below USAID’s pre-Trump spending of roughly $35 billion, showing a structural rather than just fiscal gap.

AidData reports that around 85% of China’s overseas financing is in loans, and its official development assistance (ODA) was only 1.3% of its portfolio in 2023, effectively about $35 lent for every $1 given as aid. Between 2014 and 2022, about 63% of U.S. aid went to governance, health, and humanitarian programs supporting civil society, clinics, and independent journalists, while China’s funds went overwhelmingly to industry, mining, energy, and transport, usually via sovereign loans through Chinese state-owned firms for commercial returns. In this divide, independent media in Southeast Asia is collapsing: in Myanmar, U.S. funds covered roughly 70% for many outlets, Mekong News cut 13 of 15 permanent staff, and the closure of Radio Free Asia and Voice of America hit Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam as China expanded content-sharing ties with small newsrooms.

Health effects are equally severe, with Zarli reporting rising HIV infections as programs shut down after decades of U.S. support to nonprofits on family planning, HIV, malaria, and tuberculosis. In Cambodia, ADHOC laid off more than 60% of staff, shrinking operations from 23 to 12 provinces; USAID had provided 70% of its budget, while European donors covered only about 10%–15% of the shortfall. Its director Ny Sokha says Chinese funding is not an option because its model favors “mutual benefits,” does not respect human rights, and even where China runs governance and media training programs, rights activists are excluded.

Source: The gutting of USAID has left a void China will not fill

Subtitle: China lends $35 for every dollar it donates. That is not a substitute for American aid

Dateline: 5月 07, 2026 06:28 上午 | Phnom Penh, Singapore and Yango