美国对古巴的施压正在升级：5月20日，美国司法部在迈阿密对94岁的劳尔·卡斯特罗提出刑事指控，指称他下令在1996年击落“兄弟营救”组织的两架飞机，造成4人死亡。尽管他已于2021年正式退休，他仍被视为古巴事实上的最高决策者，而特朗普和卢比奥都在推动对古巴的强硬路线。
华盛顿将古巴视为国家安全风险，理由包括其距佛罗里达仅145公里、对中俄的支持以及移民外流；美国侦察飞行也在增加，军事规划者据称正在评估从有限打击到更广泛行动的方案。5月7日，美国财政部外国资产控制办公室对控制古巴大部分经济的军方企业集团Gaesa实施制裁，而其收入被认为超过国家预算的3倍，并掌握多达200亿美元的非法资产。
制裁已加剧古巴的脆弱局势：外国公司须在6月5日前停止与Gaesa及其控制实体的交易，德国汉莎航运和法国达飞已暂停相关订单。古巴约进口70%的食物，能源部长称岛上柴油和燃油已告罄，哈瓦那停电最长可达每天22小时，政治犯人数创下1,260人的纪录，经济学家预计今年国内生产总值可能萎缩15%。
The US pressure campaign against Cuba is intensifying: on May 20, the Department of Justice in Miami charged 94-year-old Raúl Castro, alleging he ordered two Brothers to the Rescue planes shot down in 1996, killing four people. Although he formally retired in 2021, he is still treated as Cuba’s de facto top decision-maker, and Trump and Rubio are pushing a hard line.
Washington frames Cuba as a national-security threat because it lies just 145 km from Florida and because of its support for China and Russia and its migrant outflow; US reconnaissance flights have increased, and military planners are reportedly weighing options from limited strikes to broader action. On May 7, the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control sanctioned Gaesa, the military-run conglomerate that runs much of Cuba’s economy, whose revenues are thought to be more than three times the state budget and which controls up to $20bn in illicit assets.
The sanctions deepen Cuba’s crisis: foreign firms must wind down dealings with Gaesa by June 5, and Germany’s Hapag-Lloyd and France’s CMA CGM have paused orders linked to the island. Cuba imports roughly 70% of its food, its energy minister says diesel and fuel oil are gone, blackouts in Havana last up to 22 hours a day, and the country has a record 1,260 political prisoners while economists forecast a possible 15% economic contraction this year.
Source: Donald Trump is pushing towards the end-game in Cuba
Subtitle: With charges against Raúl Castro, his pressure campaign looks ever more like the one that deposed Nicolás Maduro
Dateline: 5月 21, 2026 04:59 上午 | Mexico City and Miami