《柳叶刀》发布的一项最新权威研究显示，2023年中国精神障碍患病人数达到1.91亿（约占总人口的七分之一），较1990年增长了46%，在校正人口老龄化与人口规模后患病率仍上升了14.6%，其中焦虑症和抑郁症最为普遍，进食障碍增长最快。在经历疫情封控后，公众对心理健康的包容度显著上升，线上心理咨询迎来爆发式增长，政府新设立的心理援助热线在2025年接听逾70万通电话，并在今年上半年突破90万通。

然而，中国在心理健康的专业诊疗与资源供给方面仍存在严重短板。2021年的一项调查发现，在患有抑郁症的人群中，仅有9.5%的人接受了治疗，而得到充分治疗的比例仅为0.5%。出于对社会稳定的高度关切——特别是针对近期发生的恶性伤人事件以及重点排查的“四无五失”风险群体，政府设定了到2030年建立覆盖全国的心理支持与危机干预体系的目标，计划在每所学校配备心理辅导室、在每个县至少一家医院开设精神科门诊。

尽管顶层规划不断推进，心理治疗的高昂费用与行业乱象依然让专业服务沦为少数人享有的“奢侈品”。单次500元人民币（约75美元）的咨询费对于很多面临减薪或失业的年轻人而言难以持续承受，而地方财政在房地产危机压力下对公共心理健康的投入也受到掣肘。此外，私营心理咨询行业缺乏统一资质认证标准，欺诈与违规现象频发，加上人均专业心理医生数量远低于发达国家水平，使得精神健康普惠仍面临漫长的制度与经济挑战。

A comprehensive study in The Lancet revealed that mental disorders in China reached 191m cases in 2023 (affecting roughly one in seven individuals), representing a 46% increase since 1990 and a 14.6% increase in age-standardized prevalence, with anxiety, depression, and eating disorders expanding rapidly. Following pandemic lockdowns, public awareness grew, triggering a boom in digital psychotherapy apps and driving calls to state psychological hotlines past 900,000 in the first half of this year alone.

Nevertheless, access to adequate psychiatric care remains severely constrained. Previous clinical research showed that among Chinese individuals with depressive disorders, only 9.5% received treatment and merely 0.5% received adequate care. Motivated partly by social stability concerns and efforts to monitor vulnerable demographic groups, authorities established national targets for 2030 requiring mental health facilities in every school, psychiatric departments in every county hospital, and a substantial expansion of trained personnel.

Despite state targets, psychological treatment remains an expensive luxury for most citizens. Standard counselling fees of roughly 500 yuan ($75) per session prove prohibitive for low-income populations facing economic stress, while local government budget constraints limit public healthcare subsidies. Compounded by a deficit of licensed therapists compared to Western benchmarks and widespread regulatory gaps in commercial counselling platforms, systemic barriers continue to impede widespread mental health support.

Source: In China, treatment for mental-health problems is a luxury

Subtitle: The government wants to improve a patchy and uneven systyem

Dateline: 8月 13, 2026 04:59 上午 | BEIJING