深蓝1号和深蓝2号是大型海上工程：巨型钢制网箱向海面下延伸数十米，提供空间养殖数十万条三文鱼；中方称其为无害鱼场，但其位于中韩均声索的黄海海域，而双方在2001年同意在“临时措施区”(PMZ)共同管理渔业。

自2018年以来，中国在PMZ及周边“试水”，至少出现13个观测浮标；深蓝1号于2018年投用，更大的深蓝2号于2024年跟进，并将一座旧油井平台改为带直升机停机坪与住宿的管理基地。去年夏天，中国还在PMZ用其最大航母举行军演并设立禁航区；韩方担忧这类被称为民用的设施与传感器可能按既往模式被转为军事或情报用途。

本月峰会中，韩国总统李在明提出黄海紧张局势；韩中关系此前已因中国对韩国在2016年部署美国导弹系统的强硬反应而恶化。李称中方同意搬走一处争议结构，但风险点仍紧贴关键地理与时间尺度：仁川是韩国第二大深水港，汉弗莱营地距黄海岸仅15公里，而划界谈判已拖延逾十年，因此韩国国内更强调定期检查与透明度。

Shenlan 1 and Shenlan 2 are large offshore engineering projects: giant steel cages extend dozens of metres below the surface to breed hundreds of thousands of salmon; China calls them harmless fish farms, but they sit in Yellow Sea waters claimed by both China and South Korea, which agreed in 2001 to jointly manage fisheries in the Provisional Measures Zone (PMZ).

Since 2018, China has tested the waters in and around the PMZ, with at least 13 observation buoys appearing; Shenlan 1 launched in 2018, the larger Shenlan 2 followed in 2024, and a former oil rig was converted into a management base with a helipad and housing. Last summer, China held exercises with its largest aircraft-carrier in the PMZ and imposed no-sail zones; South Korea fears civilian-labeled structures and sensors could be repurposed for military or intelligence use.

At a summit this month, South Korea’s president, Lee Jae Myung, raised Yellow Sea tensions; ties had already soured after China reacted harshly to South Korea’s 2016 deployment of an American missile battery. Lee says China agreed to move one troubling structure, but the flashpoints remain tightly tied to measurable geography and timelines: Incheon is South Korea’s second-largest deepwater port, Camp Humphreys sits only 15km inland, and border talks have dragged on for over a decade, strengthening calls for periodic inspections and transparency.

Source: China is testing South Korea in the Yellow Sea

Subtitle: Could it become the next big maritime flashpoint?

Dateline: 1月 15, 2026 06:25 上午 | Seoul