自驾计程车（Robotaxis）的发展已逾十年，旨在提供更安全、高效的都市交通。虽然美中两国等少数城市已进行小规模部署，但由于高昂的感测器与硬体成本、地图测绘需求以及营运损益平衡的挑战，其普及速度仍比预期缓慢。

尽管业者数据显示自驾车的事故率远低于人类驾驶，但近期发生的系统故障、无预警停驶以及路口卡塞等事件，显示该技术仍未臻完美。现阶段仍需远端人类助手即时介入处理复杂路况，并仰赖实体车厂进行日常维护。

在市场竞争方面，中国凭借强大的电动车供应链在商业化进程上取得领先，而美国则面临各州法规不一与工会反对的挑战。以特斯拉为例，其推广进度受限于法规审查与安全考量，显示法规监管仍是全球推广的主要瓶颈。

The development of robotaxis has spanned over a decade, aiming to provide safer and more efficient urban transportation. Although small-scale deployments have begun in a few cities across the US, China, and elsewhere, their widespread adoption remains slower than expected due to high sensor and hardware costs, mapping requirements, and the challenges of reaching commercial break-even.

Although operators' data suggest that autonomous vehicles have much lower accident rates than human drivers, recent incidents such as system malfunctions, unexpected stalls, and traffic blockages show the technology is not yet perfect. Currently, remote human assistants are still required to intervene in complex road situations, and physical depots are needed for daily maintenance.

In terms of market competition, China has taken the lead in commercialization by leveraging its strong electric vehicle supply chain, while the US faces challenges from state-by-state regulatory patchworks and opposition from labor unions. Tesla's rollout, for instance, has been limited by regulatory scrutiny and safety concerns, showing that regulatory approvals remain a major bottleneck for global expansion.