黑松鸡在阿尔卑斯滑雪度假村已长期撞击椅式缆车缆绳并常致死亡，这表明跨物种视觉信息传递机制在此场景下失灵。经过20年的警示牌仍未奏效，而2008年的分析显示，缆车附近的黑松鸡数量比其他区域低15%，与其频繁撞缆的观察结果一致。

度假村在缆绳上安装了宽度为3.5到15厘米的彩色标记，由于黑松鸡头部具有红色皮肤斑块且其占鸟类碰撞事故的70%，多数标记被做成红色，但碰撞并未减少。马约里·利埃纳与西蒙·波捷随后通过黑箱实验观察圈养黑松鸡的头部追踪反应，并检测死鸟眼睛中的光敏受体蛋白。

研究发现黑松鸡对比敏感性较差，不及人类；其可见黄、绿、蓝、紫及部分紫外波段，但红色感知较弱，因此标记应采用高对比色对（如紫黄或黑白）而非单色。有效标记需要至少14厘米并间距不超过16米，并且红色斑块之所以仍存在，是因为它们反射人眼不可见但黑松鸡可见的紫外光。

Black grouse at Alpine ski resorts have for decades collided with chairlift cables and often died, indicating a breakdown in interspecies visual signaling in this context. Twenty years of warning signs failed, and a 2008 analysis found grouse numbers 15% lower near lifts, matching repeated observations of frequent cable collisions.

Resorts added colored markers 3.5 to 15 centimeters wide on the cables, and because black grouse have red skin patches on the head while accounting for 70% of bird–cable collisions, most markers were painted red, yet collisions continued. Marjorie Liénard and Simon Potier then tested captive-bred birds with black-box head-tracking and measured photoreceptor proteins from a dead grouse’s eye.

The study found weak contrast perception compared with humans: black grouse can see yellow, green, blue, purple, and part of ultraviolet light, but red poorly, so markers should be high-contrast pairs such as purple–yellow or black–white instead of monochrome. Effective marking needs a width of at least 14 centimeters and spacing of no more than one marker every 16 meters, and the bird’s red patches persist because they also reflect ultraviolet light invisible to people.

Source: How to stop colour-blind grouse flying into ski lifts

Subtitle: Use signage they can see

Dateline: 4月 23, 2026 03:40 上午