彭博社针对特斯拉电动门把与「车门无法开启」的风险做了自行统计:过去十年间,在美国至少有 12 起事故、共至少 15 人死亡,情境是车辆碰撞后起火,车内人员或救援者因车门失效而无法及时开门脱困或救出。这些死亡在同期间「数百起」电动车致命事故中占比不大,但呈上升趋势;彭博统计中的死亡有「超过一半」发生在 2024 年 11 月之后。
由于州或联邦层级缺乏「电动门把/车门失效导致困住而死亡」的官方完整统计,彭博采取筛选法:先检视美国所有涉及起火的致命电动车事故,再聚焦于有文件证据显示受害者在初撞后仍存活、且电动车门阻碍逃生或救援的案例。资料来源包括 NHTSA 的 FARS(2012–2023 年,且不标示是否困住)、以及彭博另行辨识的 2024–2025 年案例,并以地方新闻、执法机关说明、法院文件与大量警方/消防/验尸报告交叉验证,必要时用 911 通话、照片与随身摄影佐证。
监管与业界回应同步升温:NHTSA 已对部分 Model Y 车门问题开启缺陷调查并要求特斯拉提供涉及碰撞、伤亡或起火的客诉与报告清单;中国与欧洲也在考虑规则调整。特斯拉称车辆有手动开门机构、并在网站新增安全页面,表示侦测到严重碰撞时车门会自动解锁(但何时上线、涵盖车型与地区未明,且可能受制造日期影响);公司也在研议低电压时自动解除锁定与重新设计把手整合电动与手动机构。彭博并指出美国道路上约有 70 款车配备电动把手,且特斯拉相关消费者申诉数量最多。
Bloomberg attempted to quantify a risk with no comprehensive public statistics: in the US over the past decade it found at least 15 deaths across 12 crashes in which a Tesla crashed, caught fire, and occupants or rescuers could not open the doors. While this is a small share of the hundreds of fatal EV crashes in that period, the trend appears to be rising, with more than half of the identified deaths occurring since November 2024.
Because official datasets generally don’t code “entrapment by inoperative doors,” Bloomberg used a case-selection approach. It started from fatal EV crashes involving fire, then narrowed to incidents with documented evidence that victims survived the initial impact and that nonfunctional electric doors impeded escape or rescue. It combined NHTSA’s FARS list for 2012–2023 (the last year available) with additional 2024–2025 cases, and cross-checked details against local news, law-enforcement statements, court filings, and thousands of pages of police, fire, and autopsy records, sometimes corroborated by photos, 911 audio, and body-camera footage.
Regulatory attention is increasing: NHTSA opened a defect investigation focused on whether door issues prevent access to certain Model Y vehicles and requested detailed complaint and incident lists covering crashes, injuries, fatalities, or fires; authorities in China and Europe are also considering rule changes. Tesla says it complies with laws, performs well in crash tests, and provides manual releases, and it is considering changes such as automatically disabling locks at low battery voltage and redesigning handles to better integrate electric and manual releases. Tesla also launched a safety page stating doors will automatically unlock for emergency access when a serious collision is detected, though timing, model coverage, and regional availability are unclear and may depend on build date.