加州正准备在本土对全球最强大的 AI 公司之一发起监管攻防。尽管唐纳德·川普在 2025 年 12 月签署行政命令，威胁对制定 AI 规则的州扣留联邦资金，民主党主导的加州立法者仍强调需要设下护栏，并把「不受约束的 AI」与儿童及成人的心理健康风险连结起来。州众议员 Rebecca Bauer-Kahan 计划在 1 月重新提出法案，禁止未成年人使用会建立类人关系的「陪伴型」聊天机器人；此类法案曾在去年遭州长 Gavin Newsom 否决。
推动监管同时面临明显的经济拉力：加州约 3,200 亿美元的州预算，愈来愈倚赖 AI 产业带来的税收。被锁定的矽谷巨头合计市值超过 15 兆美元；来自苹果、辉达与 Alphabet 等公司的、被形容为 AI 驱动的所得税预扣款，估计每年为州库贡献约 100 亿美元，并被非党派的立法分析单位称为黯淡财政预测中的「唯一亮点」。在 Newsom 可能角逐 2028 年白宫之际，业界警告若规则过重，企业可能像近年的 HPE、甲骨文与特斯拉一样外移。
围绕未成年人接触与著作权训练资料的谈判正在升温，且可能进入公投战：Common Sense Media 正为限制未成年聊天机器人使用的提案收集连署；OpenAI 也希望在 11 月选票上推出竞争版本。双方都必须在 6 月前取得超过 50 万份有效连署才可成案。立法面上，SB 300 等提案聚焦于避免聊天机器人向未成年人提供露骨内容，另有提案要对未成年人购买聊天机器人玩具设下 4 年暂停；AB 412 将要求揭露生成式 AI 训练用的著作权素材，Chamber of Progress 估计这可能导致至少 3.81 亿美元税收流失。Meta 则以 2,000 万美元资助一个聚焦加州 AI 产业的超级政治行动委员会。
California is bracing for a home-turf fight over AI regulation against some of the world’s most powerful companies. Despite President Donald Trump’s December 2025 executive order threatening to withhold federal funds from states that adopt AI rules, Democratic lawmakers say they must add guardrails and cite mental-health risks for children and adults. Assemblymember Rebecca Bauer-Kahan plans to reintroduce a bill in January to bar minors from “companion” chatbots after Governor Gavin Newsom vetoed a similar measure last year.
The push collides with economic reality: AI has become a growing source of revenue in a roughly $320 billion state budget. The Silicon Valley giants targeted by lawmakers hold a combined market value above $15 trillion, and AI-linked income-tax withholdings from firms such as Apple, Nvidia, and Alphabet are estimated at about $10 billion a year—called the “lone bright spot” in an otherwise grim forecast. With Newsom weighing a 2028 White House run, industry warns firms could decamp, citing recent departures like HPE, Oracle, and Tesla.
Negotiations over youth access and copyright training data are escalating and could spill into ballot-box warfare. Common Sense Media is gathering signatures for an initiative to limit underage chatbot use, while OpenAI is pursuing a competing measure for the November ballot; each side must secure more than 500,000 valid signatures by June. Bills include SB 300-style protections against sexually explicit chatbot content for minors and a proposed four-year moratorium on chatbot-powered toys sold to minors. AB 412 would mandate disclosure of copyrighted training material; Chamber of Progress estimates at least $381 million in lost revenue. Meta seeded a super PAC with $20 million focused on California’s AI sector.