1月7日，美军在冰岛附近强行夺取油轮Bella 1（更名Marinera），并在加勒比同时扣押另一艘油轮M Sophia；此前上月海岸警卫队登船未遂，且1月3日委内瑞拉总统尼古拉斯·马杜罗被绑走后，美国力量进一步外显。Bella 1自2020年末以来据称已向中国转运逾2000万桶伊朗原油和500万桶委内瑞拉原油，2024年遭美国制裁，而其旗帜与登记变更（圭亚那→俄罗斯，约在12月下旬涂绘并入俄名册）触及《海洋法公约》关于航行中换旗的第92条争议。
过去6个月里，按海事数据分析公司说法，逾十二艘受制裁或“无国籍”油轮改挂俄罗斯关联，且该趋势在12月美国收紧对委内瑞拉的“隔离”后加速；近期有16艘装载委内瑞拉原油的油轮试图集体突破封锁，其中一艘M Sophia于1月7日被扣。Bella 1被认为当时无油，但其先前轨迹包含：8月在伊朗疑似装油、播发虚假位置信号、在阿曼湾卸载（或转船），并在大西洋北转、疑似朝俄北部港口摩尔曼斯克航行。
对油市影响依旧有限：1月7日布伦特较前一日收盘下跌0.5%，反映委内瑞拉供给在全球中占比极小且外界预期美国不会更广泛打击俄罗斯“影子船队”。但美方表态在数量级上加压，包括1月6日宣称将“交出”至多5000万桶（约28亿美元，折合约56美元/桶）以及1月7日承诺将无限期把委内瑞拉产量投放市场出售。
On January 7, U.S. forces seized the tanker Bella 1 (renamed Marinera) near Iceland and also took the M Sophia in the Caribbean, after a failed Coast Guard boarding last month and days after Venezuela’s president Nicolás Maduro was abducted on January 3. Since late 2020, Bella 1 is believed to have moved over 20m barrels of Iranian oil and 5m barrels of Venezuelan oil to China, was sanctioned by the U.S. in 2024, and its flag/registry shifts (Guyana → Russian, painted and registered in late December) raise UNCLOS Article 92 concerns.
Over the past six months, more than a dozen sanctioned or “stateless” tankers have switched affiliation to Russia, and the trend accelerated in December as the U.S. tightened its Venezuela quarantine; 16 tankers carrying Venezuelan oil recently tried to break the blockade en masse, and one of them, the M Sophia, was seized on January 7. Bella 1 was thought to be empty, but its recent route included suspected loading in Iran in August, false location signals, unloading in the Gulf of Oman (possibly ship-to-ship), and a northward turn in the mid-Atlantic toward Murmansk.
Oil-market impact stayed small: Brent was down 0.5% versus the prior day’s close on January 7, reflecting Venezuela’s minuscule global share and expectations the U.S. will not broadly target Russia’s shadow fleet. U.S. statements nonetheless scale up pressure, including a January 6 claim of up to 50m barrels “turned over” (about $2.8bn, roughly $56 per barrel) and a January 7 pledge to sell Venezuela’s production indefinitely.
Source: America chases down the shadow fleet serving Venezuela
Subtitle: Donald Trump is determined to enforce its oil blockade
Dateline: 1月 08, 2026 10:11 上午