Lex Street 在西费城的一排排联排住宅通过拆除破败建筑而重塑；在 2000 年一栋破旧排屋发生致 7 人死亡的惨案之后（并伴随“地盘战”和帮派冲突），社区拆除了包括 3 栋 17 层公共住房塔楼在内的大量建筑，并新建了 600 多套住房。多数为公共住房，其余则出售或出租给低收入住户，从而形成更整洁、郊区化的居住环境。
一项由哈佛经济学家 Raj Chetty 领衔的新研究评估了 HOPE VI：该项目动用 170 亿美元公私资金，将衰败高楼拆除并以小尺度住房替代，同时把市场价住房与公共住房混合配置。1993—2010 年间，近 10 万套公共住房被拆除并重建，但只有五分之三被新公共住房单元替代；尽管项目地区的成年人的平均收入大幅上升，公共住房原住户的收入却保持不变，显示总体上升主要来自更富裕新迁入者。
儿童结局呈现出更强的数量化改善：自出生起在新公共住房中成长的孩子，成年后收入约高 50%，被归因于与更富裕邻居的互动以及“地点”的因果效应。搬入复兴公共住房的孩子在 30 岁时收入高 16%，上大学的可能性高 17%，男孩入狱或进监狱的概率低 20%；虽然只有约四分之一原住户回迁，新研究认为这种邻里混合是产生最大收益的关键，且其他研究也指出从极其糟糕的旧社区被迫搬离有时反而让一些儿童受益。
Rows of terraced houses on Lex Street in West Philadelphia were remade by clearing dilapidation; after a 2000 massacre that killed seven in a crumbling row house (amid “turf wars and gang wars”), the area demolished much of the neighborhood including three 17-floor public-housing towers and built over 600 homes. Most were public housing, while others were sold or rented to low-income tenants, producing a markedly tidier, more suburban feel.
A new study led by Harvard economist Raj Chetty evaluates HOPE VI: $17bn in public and private investment replaced decaying towers with smaller-scale housing while mixing market-rate with public units. From 1993 to 2010 nearly 100,000 public-housing units were torn down and rebuilt, but only three-fifths returned as new public-housing units; although average adult incomes in HOPE VI areas rose sharply, the incomes of public-housing residents stayed flat, indicating gains largely reflected higher-income arrivals.
Children’s outcomes show the strongest quantified improvements: those raised from birth in the new public housing went on to earn about 50% more, attributed to interactions with wealthier neighbors and the causal effect of place. Children who moved into revitalized public housing earned 16% more at age 30, were 17% more likely to attend college, and—among boys—were 20% less likely to go to jail or prison; even though only about a quarter of original households returned, the research argues that this neighborhood mixing was central to the largest gains, and other work suggests displacement from extremely poor estates sometimes benefited children.
Source: Knocking down social housing helped poor children prosper
Subtitle: New research shows the impact of mixed-income developments
Dateline: 1月 29, 2026 08:25 上午 | Philadelphia