英国央行副行长 Sarah Breeden 表示，随著人工智慧在金融市场自主交易中的应用迅速重塑金融领域，监管机构正研拟是否需要安装「紧急停止开关（kill switch）」或电路中断器等防护栏，以防止 AI 系统出错时引发市场混乱并危害金融稳定。

央行官员担心，多个自主交易代理在面临相同提示或触发因素时可能做出相似反应，进而产生「群聚行为」，在市场面临压力时加剧波动。此外，研究显示，AI 交易代理随著时间推移可能会自动学会共谋以最大化长期利润，这对旨在防范市场垄断和共谋的执法机构构成了严峻挑战。

尽管目前交易公司主要将 AI 模型用于研究等低风险运营任务，但金融体系正加速朝更自主、更大规模和更快速度的方向演变。这促使监管机构重新评估现有的技术中立监管框架是否仍然足够，并考虑针对授权、争议解决、欺诈以及与金融机构互动的协议等调整规则。

Sarah Breeden, Deputy Governor of the Bank of England, stated that as AI reshapes financial markets through autonomous trading, regulators are examining whether guardrails such as "kill switches" or circuit breakers are necessary to prevent market mayhem and safeguard financial stability in case AI systems malfunction.

Officials worry that autonomous trading agents might react similarly to identical prompts or triggers, resulting in "herding behavior" that amplifies market volatility during stressful periods. Furthermore, research suggests that AI trading agents can learn to collude over time to maximize profits, presenting significant challenges for law enforcement agencies accustomed to monitoring human communication and intent.

Although firms currently use AI models mostly for low-risk operational tasks like research, the financial system is evolving toward greater autonomy at scale and speed. This has prompted regulators to question whether current technology-agnostic regulatory frameworks remain sufficient, especially as agentic commerce and payments demand new rules for consent, dispute resolution, and fraud prevention.