中国在甘肃等地推动了规模庞大的绿色能源建设，打造出全球最大的风电场与光伏基地，但由于主要发电设施远离沿海负担重心的工商业与人口密集区，导致严重的「弃风弃光」电力浪费问题。为解决这一瓶颈，北京正计划投入数兆美元进行历史上最大规模的电网升级，涵盖超高压输电线路与大型储能系统，期望借此消化过剩绿电并在人工智慧算力基础设施的竞争中取得优势。

面对近年来急速飙升的全国用电需求以及电气化进程，中国采取了同步扩充煤炭、水电、核电与再生能源的全面性策略，发电容量增长迅速，但也加剧了间歇性绿电对脆弱电网的冲击。绿电过剩无法即时并网甚至导致短期内对传统煤电调峰的依赖反常增加，这显示出单纯提升发电设备已不再是核心挑战，如何跨越时空有效储存与调度电力才成为当前能源转型的关键课题。

目前中国正逐步推进电池储能设施运作与现货电力交易，但电网营运与定价机制长期依赖由上而下的指令调度与煤电长期合约，缺乏即时反映供需的市场化价格信号。官方虽然订下2030年建立全国统一大市场的目标并展开改革，然而要如何在不引发社会与经济动荡的前提下打破体制惯性、重构激励机制，仍是实现高效绿能整合面临的最大考验。

China has developed massive renewable energy installations in western areas like Gansu, home to the world's largest wind farm, but vast distances to major population and industrial hubs have led to significant power curtailment and waste. To resolve this mismatch, Beijing is embarking on a multi-trillion-dollar grid overhaul involving ultra-high-voltage transmission lines and mega-battery storage, aiming to absorb its abundant green energy and gain an edge in powering the AI infrastructure race against the United States.

Driven by soaring electricity consumption from rapid electrification, electric vehicles, and data centers, China adopted an all-of-the-above capacity expansion across coal, nuclear, hydro, solar, and wind, but this abundance creates severe grid-stability challenges due to renewable intermittency. Ironically, unabsorbed green power has temporarily boosted reliance on coal-fired generation for grid stabilization, underscoring that the primary hurdle has shifted from adding generation capacity to moving and storing power across time and space.

While China is accelerating utility-scale battery deployments and experimenting with short-term power trading, the legacy power system remains largely constrained by top-down command dispatches and rigid long-term coal contracts lacking real-time price signals. Although policymakers aim to build a unified national power market by 2030, reforming incentives and market structures without disrupting economic stability remains the most formidable obstacle to the nation's clean energy transition.