随着美国政府逐步推进对强大人工智能模型的监管，谷歌DeepMind总裁德米斯·哈萨比斯建议建立一个模仿金融业监管局（FINRA）的公私合营监管机构。由于Anthropic的Mythos和OpenAI的Sol等前沿模型具备编写生物武器或黑客入侵基础设施的危险能力，规范其发布已成当务之急。虽然理想的国际规则难以在短期内达成，但哈萨比斯认为美国的单边行动将促使其他国家效仿。与此同时，美中两国正日益将AI模型作为地缘政治和经济博弈的筹码。
对其他国家而言，试图通过政府资助来追赶美中前沿AI模型的做法注定失败，因为OpenAI和Anthropic各自已募集超过1000亿美元，而历史证明政府在此类高风险科技投资上的效率极其低下，如2005年法德政府合资的Quaero搜索引擎最终折戟。然而，其他国家可以通过建设本地数据中心来掌握一定的计算自主权。这样既能保证敏感数据的安全，又能在前沿模型断供时提供计算力以运行开源权重模型。
目前，各国在数据中心建设上面临监管和电网接入的严峻掣肘。卡内基基金会指出，九个月的延误对数据中心造成的经济损失相当于其寿命期内电费翻倍。印度和英国电网并网的平均等待时间为三年，德国和韩国为三年半，而美国为两年。为打破这一瓶颈，各国政府应简化审批、开辟并网绿色通道并允许绕过电网自行发电。此外，拥有特殊科技优势的国家（如台湾的芯片制造、荷兰的ASML光刻机、韩国的内存技术）应充分利用这些关键节点，采取务实交易策略与AI超级大国周旋。
As the US government moves to regulate powerful artificial intelligence, Google DeepMind's Sir Demis Hassabis has proposed a hybrid public-private regulatory body modeled on the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA). Regulations are urgent because frontier models like Anthropic's Mythos and OpenAI's Sol possess dangerous capabilities, including cyberattacks and bioweapon synthesis. While international agreements are ideal, Hassabis believes unilateral US action will lead others to follow. Simultaneously, both the US and China are expected to weaponize AI access for strategic leverage, much like previous restrictions on military aid and rare earth exports.
For other nations, state-backed initiatives to catch up with American frontier models are doomed to fail, given that OpenAI and Anthropic have each raised over $100bn in funding, and governments have a historically poor record in risky tech ventures, exemplified by the failed Franco-German search engine Quaero in 2005. Instead, countries should focus on building local data centers to run sensitive data and maintain the capacity to execute open-weight models if frontier access is cut off. This local compute infrastructure serves as vital insurance against strategic blockades.
However, data-center construction is severely hindered by regulations and power grid connection queues outside the US. According to the Carnegie Endowment, a nine-month delay harms data center economics as much as doubling its lifetime electricity bill. While the connection delay is two years in America, it averages three years in India and Britain, and three and a half years in Germany and South Korea. Governments should expedite approvals and permit off-grid power generation. Nations with technology choke points, such as Taiwan in chips, the Netherlands with ASML, and South Korea in memory, must leverage these assets to negotiate transactionally with AI superpowers.
Source: How to make AI safe—and lessen dependence on America and China
Subtitle: State-backed efforts to catch up with frontier models are doomed
Dateline: Jul 16, 2026 04:57 AM