在中国，AI 看似已渗透到银行、购物、出行、教育等大量场景，但官方数据显示到2025年生成式AI“采用率”为42.8%，约为上一年的两倍，并指向2030年90%的“渗透率”目标。尽管“采用”和“渗透”口径并不清晰，这组数据仍显示出政府主导叙事下AI普及速度的显著提升趋势。
自去年 DeepSeek 以远低于西方竞品的成本展示高性能以来，竞争焦点从“谁能造出更强模型”转向“谁更擅长应用AI”，其优势来自可低成本定制的开源模型、制造业将AI融入实体产品的先发基础，以及庞大的研发人才池。政府推动AI从研究转向应用，“AI+”计划启动后当年AI资本开支约7000亿元人民币（约1000亿美元），其中政府约占60%，体现出强烈的政策定向供给。
国家强势推进也带来“亮相”与落地之间的落差：机器人和“具身AI”展示常有舞台效果，但企业高层指出其本质易发热、易老化，且难适应复杂工况。国企与公共部门约占全国就业的五分之一，这类机构在安全与收益平衡上更保守，OpenClaw在政府和国企中被快速限用，DeepSeek之后不少单位更偏好快速立竿见影的独立部署而非深度整合，而3月13日公布的新五年规划则把重点放在交通、医疗等部门的数据建设上。
AI appears pervasive across Chinese apps, transport, banking, and education in daily life, yet official data put generative AI adoption at 42.8% in 2025, about double the previous year, on a trajectory toward a 90% penetration target by 2030. Even with fuzzy definitions of “adoption” and “penetration,” the trend signals a policy-backed acceleration in diffusion.
After DeepSeek’s low-cost breakthrough last year, the contest is increasingly framed as who can apply AI better, not just who can build the strongest model, with advantages in cheap customizable open-source models, a manufacturing base ready for physical integration, and a large AI researcher pool. In this push, AI spending shifted toward deployment: in roughly 700 billion yuan (~US$100 billion) of capital investment, the state is estimated to have supplied about 60%.
State-led scale also creates a gap between demonstration and durable execution, as showcased robots can underperform in real settings and are reported to overheat, wear, and struggle with harsh use cases. About one-fifth of the workforce is in public/state enterprises, which remain more cautious; OpenClaw was quickly restricted in these environments for security reasons, many organizations chose standalone “PR wins” over integration after DeepSeek, while the March 13 five-year plan prioritizes high-quality datasets for sectors like transport and health, signaling data governance as a central strategic lever.
Source: China’s government both drives and constrains the rise of AI
Subtitle: Officials want to lead the world in the new technology, but are still wary of disruptio
Dateline: 3月 26, 2026 06:16 上午