官员称海南自12月起实施自由贸易港，是对外开放的“重大跃升”，其覆盖范围几乎与台湾相当、面积约为香港的30倍。新规使74%的货物可零关税入岛，并在海南加工增值至少30%后可按同样零税负进入大陆；战略行业企业税与高收入者税均封顶15%，而大陆分别为35%与45%，另有86国公民可免签入境。
与“到本世纪中叶成为全球有影响力的自贸港”的目标相比，海南既往表现偏弱：2024年人均GDP约7.6万元人民币（约1.09万美元），低于全国平均和多数其他特区，当年全省GDP约1140亿美元，处于全国较低水平。其与大陆之间20至30公里海峡导致基础设施与产业配套不足，但距北京约2300公里的相对边缘性也被视为便于开展改革试点的空间，包括去年推出的企业申请更少限制上网试点，可访问大陆被屏蔽的网站如Google和X。
政策正把增量押注在服务业与加工环节：博鳌“希望城”特医区允许使用境外已批未在国内获批的药械，有医院年费会员至少50万元与至少100万元的分层定价且客房爆满；加工企业则利用零关税进口与再加工规则布局产能。为补齐人才与供给链短板，当地以补贴吸引企业并提供自2009年起建设遗留的别墅免费居住与办公，同时规划建设26个来自英国、加拿大及中国各地高校的校区以形成长期人才管道。
Officials say Hainan’s free-trade port took effect in December as a “substantial leap” in opening, spanning an island nearly the size of Taiwan and about 30 times bigger than Hong Kong. The rules make 74% of goods tariff-free on entry, allow zero-levy shipment to the mainland if processing in Hainan adds at least 30% in value, cap taxes at 15% for strategic-sector firms and high earners versus 35% and 45% on the mainland, and grant visa-free visits to citizens of 86 countries.
Against a goal of becoming a “globally influential” FTP by mid-century, Hainan’s recent metrics look weak: 2024 GDP per person was about 76,000 yuan (about $10,900), below the national average and most other SEZs, and total GDP was about $114bn, among China’s lowest. A 20–30km sea gap from the mainland and a 2,300km distance from Beijing are framed as both constraints and a reform buffer, including a pilot introduced last year letting firms apply for less restricted internet access to reach sites like Google and X.
Early beneficiaries are being sought in services and processing: Boao Hope City’s special medical zone permits use of foreign-approved drugs and devices, with annual memberships priced at least 500,000 yuan and at least 1m yuan and resort-style rooms fully booked. Manufacturers are testing the tariff and processing rules, while the province tries to fix talent and supply-chain gaps via subsidies, rent-free villa housing and offices left from a 2009 push, and a planned pipeline of 26 university campuses from Britain, Canada, and across China.
Source: China has launched a huge free-trade experiment
Subtitle: Will reforms on a big southern island kick-start changes elsewhere?
Dateline: 2月 01, 2026 11:15 下午 | HAIKOU