自8月1日以来，铁路基础设施遭袭已超过700次，而今年前7个月为313次，增幅超过一倍；12月5日夜间，距基辅西南约50公里的法斯季夫铁路枢纽遭无人机打击后仍在运行，但乘客面临更高风险、数小时延误与运力受限。更廉价且更精准的“沙赫德”式无人机产量上升，使单次打击投入数量增加，更多车厢与机车被迫停用。

俄方的反铁路行动呈三线推进：在南部敖德萨周边阻断出口货物通往黑海港口，在北部苏梅与切尔尼戈夫一带以打击客运列车来压迫居住条件，在东部顿涅茨克通过轰炸桥梁、机车与变电站切断联通；其在前线附近的压力部分奏效，乌克兰铁路公司于11月6日宣布临时关闭顿涅茨克前线附近线路。与此同时，公司以昼夜抢修、消防与改线应对，早期战争中一名列车员曾协助疏散逾10,000人，但打击频率与精度上升迫使运营更谨慎。

财务压力同步加剧：2025年前9个月亏损1.72亿美元，货运量从约3.15亿吨/年降至1.60亿吨/年近乎腰斩，且电力成本因电网受袭已“翻倍以上”，迫使政府今年追加3.10亿美元并计划明年再给3.82亿美元。公司承诺通过并线、自动化、放开一等座票价与出售非核心资产增收节支2.39亿美元，同时背负逾10亿美元欧元债券且大多于明年到期，并提议分两阶段将货运价格上调合计41%，而主要出口企业也表示其出口已减半并警告涨价将进一步关停运营。

Since August 1 there have been more than 700 attacks on railway infrastructure versus 313 in the first seven months of the year, a rise of more than double; after drones hit the Fastiv rail hub about 50km south-west of Kyiv on December 5, trains still ran but passengers faced higher risk, hourslong delays, and tighter capacity. Larger output of cheaper, more accurate Shahed-type drones has raised the number committed per target, pushing more carriages and locomotives out of service.

The anti-rail campaign runs on three fronts: near Odesa to block export cargo to Black Sea ports, in Sumy and Chernihiv to make areas unlivable by targeting passenger trains, and in Donetsk by striking bridges, locomotives, and substations; it was partly effective, with temporary closures announced on November 6 near the front lines. Adaptation relies on round-the-clock repairs, firefighting, and rerouting, and one conductor helped evacuate more than 10,000 people early in the war even as rising bombardment demands greater caution.

Financial strain is compounding: the company lost $172m in the first nine months of 2025, freight volumes fell from about 315m to 160m tonnes a year, and electricity costs have more than doubled after power-grid attacks, prompting $310m in ad hoc state funds this year and another $382m planned next year. Management pledged $239m in cost cuts and revenue gains, faces over $1bn in Eurobond debt mostly due next year, and proposed a two-phase 41% freight price rise as exporters report exports have halved and warn higher rail costs would force further shutdowns.

Source: Ukraine’s trains, the country’s lifeline, have money problems

Subtitle: Russian drone attacks are only part of the problem

Dateline: 12月 11, 2025 06:01 上午 | Kyiv