海地帮派暴力自2021年总统若弗内尔·莫伊兹遇刺后急剧升级。一个由26个帮派组成的联盟控制了首都太子港的大部分地区，造成数千人死亡并迫使约150万人流离失所。近期警方行动显示局势出现转机，例如2026年2月23日一次行动中警方击毙6名帮派成员并缴获8件武器（包括4支突击步枪），但也有2名警察死亡、2人受伤。国际社会也在加强支持，新的“帮派镇压部队”计划部署5,500名士兵，其中首批1,500人预计在4月抵达。

尽管安全形势略有改善，太子港约290万人口中的大部分仍生活在帮派控制地区。机场在2024年11月关闭后仅恢复国内航班，许多道路仍被武装团伙控制并收取通行费。国家财政极其脆弱，政府收入仅占GDP约5%，远低于加勒比地区约20%的平均水平。政府支出中约五分之三用于工资，使公共投资和基本服务严重不足。

警方正在扩大力量以恢复秩序。警察局长计划每年招募4,000名警察以提高长期低于国际标准的警民比例。美国在过去三年提供超过10亿美元安全援助，加拿大自2022年以来提供3.5亿美元支持，并提供装甲车辆与训练。警方还使用携带爆炸物的无人机打击帮派，在2025年141次行动中造成至少1,243人死亡，其中包括17名儿童和至少43名非帮派成员。尽管这些战术削弱了帮派力量，但也引发人权争议，并可能影响计划于8月举行、近十年来首次全国选举的安全环境。

Gang violence in Haiti has escalated since the assassination of President Jovenel Moïse in 2021. A confederation of 26 gangs seized control of much of Port-au-Prince, killing thousands and displacing nearly 1.5m people. Recent police actions suggest some progress. On February 23rd, 2026, the Haitian National Police killed six gang members and seized eight weapons, including four assault rifles, while losing two officers and seeing two others wounded. International support is increasing, with a new Gang Suppression Force planning to deploy 5,500 troops, including an initial contingent of 1,500 expected in April.

Despite limited improvements, most of the capital’s population of about 2.9m still lives in areas dominated by gangs. The airport, closed in November 2024 because of violence, has reopened only for domestic flights, and many roads remain controlled by armed groups demanding tolls. State finances are extremely weak, with government revenue falling to about 5% of GDP, compared with a Caribbean regional average of roughly 20%. Around three fifths of government spending goes to salaries, leaving little funding for services or investment.

Police forces are expanding efforts to restore order. The national police chief plans to recruit 4,000 officers annually to improve a police-to-population ratio long below international standards. The United States has provided more than $1bn in security assistance over the past three years, while Canada has contributed $350m since 2022 for training and equipment including armoured vehicles. Police also use explosive drones against gangs; in 2025, 141 operations reportedly killed at least 1,243 people, including 17 children and at least 43 civilians. Although these tactics weaken gang power, they raise human-rights concerns and may complicate preparations for Haiti’s first national elections in nearly a decade scheduled for August.