如今德国极右翼政治生涯几乎只用一个词就够了：“再移民”，其在过去十年从法国外缘极端圈层扩散到德奥，并在2024年1月因Correctiv披露37岁的奥地利活动人士马丁·泽尔纳在波茨坦与德国选择党（AfD）人士讨论而进入大众视野，继而引发全国抗议并被语言学家评为“年度非词”。一年后，AfD总理候选人爱丽丝·魏德尔在竞选联邦选举前将其纳入党纲，尽管该党在部分民调领先且约获四分之一选民支持，但其扩散也把原本边缘口号推向主流并加剧法律与声誉风险。
泽尔纳把“再移民”锁定为三类人：非法移民、他所称消耗国家或犯罪的合法移民，以及被他视为“未同化”的公民；他承认不能直接驱逐公民，但主张以文化与经济压力促其离开、收紧入籍并可能剥夺部分归化者国籍。许多倡导者却把它当作“去除所谓非裔-阿拉伯替代迁移”的泛化愿景，泽尔纳称实现需要数十年；即便德国庇护申请近期大幅下降，仍被用来动员对快速人口变化不安的选民。
矛盾在于：AfD公开否认会影响德国护照持有人，并声称“没有区别”存在于家族在此200年的人与新入籍者之间，但党内有人呼吁驱逐“数百万”，而德国实际仅约230,000人受驱逐令约束，这一数量级差距使“数百万”在技术上难以成立。与此同时，国内情报机构在去年将AfD定性为“右翼极端主义”并引发禁党呼声，法院裁定泽尔纳的概念因按族裔区分德国人而违宪，本周党内更要求成员停止与其会面；尽管如此，该词仍在奥地利、意大利乃至美国持续流行，例如美国国土安全部在12月发帖称“圣诞节全美国想要的就是再移民”。
These days, one word, “remigration,” has become a career-defining slogan on Germany’s far right, spreading from French extremist circles to Germany and Austria over roughly a decade and erupting into mainstream awareness in January 2024 after Correctiv reported that 37-year-old Austrian activist Martin Sellner discussed it with AfD politicians in Potsdam, triggering nationwide protests and a linguists’ “unword of the year” label. A year later, AfD chancellor candidate Alice Weidel folded the term into the party manifesto ahead of the federal election, even as the party leads some polls and is backed by about one-quarter of the electorate.
Sellner frames “remigration” as targeting three groups: illegal immigrants, legal immigrants he claims drain the state or commit crime, and citizens he deems “unassimilated”; while conceding citizens cannot be deported, he advocates cultural and economic pressure to induce departure, tighter naturalisation, and possible stripping of citizenship from some naturalised Germans. For many supporters it functions less as policy than as a long-horizon vision to reverse what they call “replacement migration,” which Sellner says would take several decades, and it retains mobilising force even as Germany’s asylum claims have lately plummeted.
The core numerical mismatch is that AfD disavows affecting passport-holders and insists there is “no difference” between families resident for 200 years and recent citizens, yet some party figures demand deportations of “millions” when only about 230,000 people in Germany are actually under deportation orders. Legally, the risk rose after the domestic intelligence service labelled AfD “right-wing extremist” last year and courts held Sellner’s concept unconstitutional for ethnic distinctions among Germans, prompting the party this week to order members to stop meeting him, even as the term continues to spread abroad, including a U.S. Department of Homeland Security post in December celebrating “remigration.”
Source: How “remigration” is penetrating Europe’s political mainstream
Subtitle: A meme from the far-right fringe could spell legal trouble for Germany’s AfD
Dateline: 2月 05, 2026 05:01 上午 | Berli